生词是考生在托福阅览考试中是在所难免的,可是有时这个生词会对考生了解文章有严峻的影响,那如何应对托福生词呢?
一、使用上下文头绪猜想词义
1、依据同义、反义联系猜词
Today’s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.
A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy
traditional与liberal意思相反,故选B。
2、依据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜想词义
Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated
依据下文的disliked playing together with them判别此处应为"感到孤立",故选D。
二、使用构词法猜想词义(使用前、后缀及合成词猜词义)
1、用前、后缀猜想词义
英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多,且特定的缀通常表明特定的意义,把握住这一点,可起到以不变应万变的效果。
1) He had been overworking and fell ill at last.
overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成,over有"超越、过于"之意,overwork意思是"作业过多,劳累过度"。再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过火。英语中常用的前缀还有:
mis-过错:misfortune意外;mislead误导;mismanage处理不妥
mid-中央:midnight深夜;midway半路
under-低于:underdone半生不熟的;underestimate轻视
anti-对立:antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂
下面划线单词为多见后缀派生词:
1) You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的象征)
2) The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的象征,再如realize, modernize)
2、使用合成词猜想词义。
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.
依据短语构成及上下辞意思看,此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发),set out-outset(名词开始),come in-income(名词收入) 。