综合写作：

　　美国的ANDE wall是不是一种防御机制。

　　Reading: 不是 prehistoric defensive constructions (forts) in Andes are unusual

　　wall不是连续的，有gaps，不能达到防御的目的

　　in some places, walls are absent, making them vulnerable to attack;

　　2.wall 由multiple entranceways构成，而一般的防御建筑只有一个出口和入口 they have multiple entranceways, while normally other forts have 1 or 2 gates only;

　　3.没有walls和储水的地方，无法供给城内抵御外敌 lack of space to store enough water

　　Listening: 赞成

　　这些gaps都是悬崖之类，通常是容易受攻击的地方

　　The places that don’t have walls because they are naturally defended by cliffs or steep mountains;

　　这些ways是用来contact，因为site在large area，而且这些通道很窄

　　Entranceways all face clear open space with great visibility, people in the forts could easily spot potential attackers, to block the gate and get prepared;

　　3. 敌人也要面临食物和水短缺的问题，因为这里气候干燥

　　Andes region is dry, without enough food and water for the army, they wouldn’t choose to surround the forts and wait till they surrender. If the fort could withstand the initial attack, it could survive.

　　独立写作：

　　Government should support scientific research even if the research does not have any practical use.